This section will show you how to format and print FrEd files. Save your file before printing it.
You can print a document either on paper or on the screen. You can print to the screen to see how the document will look when it is actually printed on paper. This can save you time and paper.
Before printing your file you can change some of the formatting options. Most of these options are changed by going into the <P>rint mode. A few of the options must be changed while in the edit mode.
Default = A specific value used whenever FrEd is loaded. For
instance, the default paper size is 66 lines single spaced.
You can change many default values.
Toggle = Some values have only 2 choices. Changing the
default value "toggles" back and forth between the two
choices.
Print your document by typing the <P>rint command.
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THE <P>RINT DEFAULT VALUES
The print menu is displayed below. The default values are indicated and are set up for standard 8.5 by 11 paper. The legal range of values is also indicated.
The highlighter starts out on "PRINT THIS DOCUMENT." If you do not wish to make any changes, turn on your printer and press RETURN.
CHANGING <P>RINT VALUES
1. Press the arrow keys to move the highlighter to the value you
want to change.
2. Press RETURN.
3. If there are prompts, respond to them and press RETURN.
4. The cursor will jump to PRINT THIS DOCUMENT
5. Repeat as needed to change other print options.
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<P>RINT MENU OPTIONS
NOTE: All changes made in the <P>rint menu will affect the entire file.
LINE SPACING
Refers to spacing between printed lines. Single or double spacing allowed. Use manual spacing to affect portions of a file.
LEFT MARGIN
Refers to started point of printing in relationship to the left side of the paper. Default is 5 characters. Maximum is 65 which can allow you to place text on the extreme right edge of the paper (eg., when writing books or newsletters).
PAGE LENGTH
Refers to how long the paper is. Most printers print 6 lines per inch. Regular 11 inch paper is 66 lines. Legal sized paper (14 inches long), is 84 lines.
TOP & BOTTOM MARGINS
Refers to the length of the skip over the perforation. The top margin is always at least 2 spaces. To change the relationship, adjust paper in printer.
FORM FEED
If your printer doesn't advance to the next page, change to no.
LINE FEED
If all text is printed on one line change the default value to yes.
FIRST PAGE NUMBER
The page number of the first page in the document. Change this to print out a multi-file document. For instance, you may wish the second file to begin numbering pages at page 12 instead of page 1. Change the value to 12.
If value is set to zero or one, the "TOP LINE" will not be printed on the first page. (It will be printed on all following pages.
PRINT PAGES
Respond with range of numbers in relationship to first page number. Enter the same number twice to print one page at a time. Enter RETURN to switch back to ALL.
PRINT PROMPTS
Prints out prompts when set to YES. When you select YES be sure to use the HARD ".PAGE" break to ensure your prompts are printed correctly.
PRINT DESTINATION
This option lets you print to either screen or printer. The printer interface MUST BE in slot 1.
TOP LINE
Allows you to print a header at the top of each page. The "#" symbol will be translated to the page number. If "FIRST PAGE NUMBER" is set to 0 or 1, the header will not be printed on the first page.
OTHER PRINT OPTIONS not found in <P>rint menu
CHANGING THE LINE LENGTH
You'll notice that you are unable to change the line length from the printer menu. If you would like to change the line length you must be in the edit mode.
Line length refers to the number of characters printed on one line. A normal page width for 8.5 by 11 paper is 65 characters. This is the default value in 80 column mode.
To change the LINE LENGTH, you must be in edit mode.
1. <W>idth
2. Respond to the prompt by entering a number (up to 240).
3. Press RETURN.
NOTE: if you type 0 or any character other than a number, you may set your screen width to zero. In this case, your text will disappear. However, you have not lost your text. Repeat the <W>idth command using a number 15-240.
Default line length is: 65 letters in 80 column mode, and 38 letters in 40 column mode. You can change these values to suit your needs.
If you select a number that is wider than the screen, you can't see the entire line at one time. The information is still in the the file; when you move the cursor across the line you'll see how the text will be displayed using horizontal scrolling.
NOTE: When you change line length with <W> you will discover
the importance of pressing the RETURN key only at the end
of a paragraph. You will see paragraphs written this way
will automatically format themselves to the new line width.
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ADDITIONAL FEATURES
UNDERLINE TEXT
BOLDFACE TEXT
ITALICS
INTERACTING WITH THE PRINTER
FrEd allows you to use all the capabilities of your printer. In order to interact with your printer, YOU'LL NEED TO KNOW THE PRINTER CODES FOR IT. These are found in your own printer manual.
EXAMPLE -- the printer code for italics on the Epson FX-80 Escape-4. Italics are turned off and normal print is restored with and printer code Escape-5. Here is how you would enter this sequence into your document to produce italics:
1. Move the cursor to the space in front of the word to be
printed in italics.
2. Press Control-V; ESC; 4 (3 separate keystrokes)
3. Move the cursor to the space after the last word to be
italicized
4. Press Control-V; ESC; 5 (3 separate keystrokes)
If you make mistakes, you can delete control characters with the DELETE key.
TABBING
The TAB key inserts 5 spaces in your text. ][+ = <I>
HARD PAGE BREAK
Normally, FrEdWriter will print 56 lines on a page and then begin a new page. (This value is determined by the PAGE LENGTH and TOP & BOTTOM MARGIN values in the PRINT MENU.) If you want to begin a new page before 56 lines have been printed, you can "force" a page break. Do this by typing the command ".page" or ".PAGE" in your text. The ".PAGE" must be at the left edge of the line and must be the only thing on that line. It will look like this:
.page
which will cause a new page to begin at this point when you print the document out.
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ADDITIONAL FEATURES
PROMPTED WRITING
This is a SPECIAL FEATURE which lets you give on-screen prompts, or instructions, to students for guided writing activities. A student loads in a file you have prepared, follows directions inside "prompt boxes" and types responses as directed. The prompt boxes are locked to prevent any writing inside them.
After responding to a prompt box, the student uses the down-arrow to move the cursor to the next prompt box and writes to the directions there.
When the student's finished work is printed, the prompts will not appear unless you change that option in the <P>rint mode. The prompts can quickly (and permanently) be removed from the edit space, so the student can edit a more final draft of file.
The Writing Lessons Disks associated with FrEdWriter (Available from CUE Softswap; See page DOC.A-5) contain procedural examples of this technique. You will find excellent examples of how this technique can be used to help your children learn writing skills.
Below is an example of how a prompt box will appear when it is printed:
PROMPT BOX (top line)
******************************************
**<-- side line
**
** A Writing Prompt
**
** To print out this screen, you would
** set the PRINT PROMPTS to YES on the
** PRINT MENU.
******************************************
(bottom line)
STEPS TO CONSTRUCT A PROMPT BOX
This is the procedure to follow:
1. Open Apple-P Enters Prompt box mode
2. Open Apple-A Prints top line
3. RETURN Jumps to next line & Prints side line
4. Enter your prompt
5. Open Apple-Z Enter bottom line, exits prompt mode
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NOTES ON PROMPT MODE:
APPEARANCE OF PROMPT BOX
When a prompt box is constructed or seen on the screen, it will appear as inverse lines.
TO EDIT/ DELETE or INSERT TEXT IN EXISTING BOXES
1. Open Apple-P
2. Move cursor to do editing
3. Open Apple-P
TO ENTER/EXIT the PROMPT WRITING MODE
1. Open Apple-P (toggles)
TO STOP CURSOR SCROLL IN A LONG PROMPT BOX
1. Open Apple
TWO WAYS TO SEE TEXT WITHOUT PROMPTS
1. HIDDEN PROMPTS
<P>rint mode
PRINT PROMPTS..........NO
PRINT DESTINATION......SCREEN or PRINTER
2. PERMANENT DELETE PROMPTS FROM TEXT
Open Apple-P
Open Apple-R
Respond Y to "Are you sure?" prompt
Cursor will appear at the top of the file
PLANNING PROMPTS
The best prompts are planned ahead of time. Before using prompts with an entire class, TEST the prompt on a sample student. This can save you lots of confusion with the entire class.
HELPFUL STANDARDIZATION
The last prompt box could have the PRESS CONTROL-B message (see the end of DOC.A for example).
The first prompt boxes could contain directions such as USE THE ARROW KEY TO ADVANCE, DON'T USE THE RETURN KEY, and directions for the heading (See DOC.A for example).
Prompts should be constructed with <W>idth set to 38 so they can be shared with other educators. (See DOC.A-5)
